| Single factor authentication poses much unnecessary risk upon any information system as most single factor authentication methods use only a userid and password. Passwords are, in most cases, easily hacked with the right tools. Multifactor authentication utilizes multiple levels of identification and authorization criteria and provides a much stronger level of security than single factor. As users have access to many of the files on the platform, using a single factor authentication approach provides an easy avenue of attack for a malicious user, to include escalation of privileges. Multifactor authentication includes:
(i) something a user knows (e.g., password/PIN);
(ii) something a user has (e.g., cryptographic identification device, token); or
(iii) something a user is (e.g., biometric).
When one of the authentication factors is provided by a device that is separate from the system that is gaining access, this is referred to as "out of band two factor authentication" (OOB2FA). OOB2FA employs separate communication channels at least one of which is independently maintained and trusted to authenticate an end user.
The use of DoD systems such as laptops may fulfill the "[ii] something a user has" portion of this requirement when accessing a non-privileged account provided such access is restricted to only systems using a cryptographic identification device (i.e. CAC reader). |
